The Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar was an aircraft engine developed by

Armstrong Siddeley Armstrong Siddeley was a British engineering group that operated during the first half of the 20th century. It was formed in 1919 and is best known for the production of luxury vehicles and aircraft engines. The company was created following t ...

. The Jaguar was a

petrol Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organic c ...

-fuelled air-cooled 14-cylinder two-row

radial engine The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders "radiate" outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel. It resembles a stylized star when viewed from the front, and is ...

design. The Jaguar III was first used in 1923, followed in 1925 by the Jaguar IV and in 1927 by the Jaguar VI. In 1925 the Jaguar became the first production aero engine incorporating a geared supercharger.

Design and development

The Jaguar was developed from the

Royal Aircraft Factory Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a c ...

RAF.8 design proposal of 1917, and was engineered to use a gear-driven supercharger. First run on 21 June 1922 initial performance was not as expected; as a result the stroke was increased to 5.5 in (139.7 mm) on all variants after the Jaguar I. Throughout its career the Jaguar suffered from vibration due to a lack of a crankshaft centre bearing. The most powerful version of the engine, the Jaguar VIC, produced a maximum of 490 hp (365 kW) on

takeoff Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aerospace vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For aircraft traveling vertically, this is known as liftoff. For aircraft that take off horizontally, this usually involves starting with a ...

at 1,950

rpm Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or with the notation min−1) is a unit of rotational speed or rotational frequency for rotating machines. Standards ISO 80000-3:2019 defines a unit of rotation as the dimensionl ...

and weighed 910 lb (413 kg). The later Lynx was designed using one row of Jaguar cylinders.Gunston 1989, p. 18.

Variants

;Jaguar I :1922, 300 hp. ;Jaguar II :1923, 385 hp, increased stroke, capacity 1,512 cu in (24.8 L). ;Jaguar III :1923, 385 hp. ;Jaguar IIIA :1923, 380 hp. ;Jaguar IV :1925, 385 hp, twin carburettors ;Jaguar IVA :420 hp, Geared propeller drive. ;Jaguar IVC :1928, 400 hp, revised connecting rod design, enclosed valve gear. ;Jaguar IV(S) :1925, 365 hp, fully supercharged. ;Jaguar V :1928. ;Jaguar VI :1927. ;Jaguar VI(S) :1928, supercharged version of Jaguar VI. ;Jaguar VIC :1927, 470 hp, geared propeller drive version of Jaguar VI. ;Jaguar VID :1928. ;Jaguar VIIA :1929, 400 hp, fully supercharged. ;Jaguar VIII :1928, 405 hp, fully supercharged, geared propeller drive

Applications

Airco DH.4 The Aircraft Manufacturing Company Limited (Airco) was an early British aircraft manufacturer. Established during 1912, it grew rapidly during the First World War, referring to itself as the largest aircraft company in the world by 1918. Ai ...

* Airco DH.9 * Armstrong Whitworth Ajax * Armstrong Whitworth Aries *

Armstrong Whitworth Argosy The Armstrong Whitworth Argosy was a three-engine biplane airliner designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft. It was the company's first airliner. The Argosy was developed during the early-to-mid ...

Armstrong Whitworth Atlas The Armstrong Whitworth Atlas was a British single-engine biplane designed and built by Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft. It served as an army co-operation aircraft for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the 1920s and 1930s. It was the first purpose-desi ...

Armstrong Whitworth Siskin The Armstrong Whitworth Siskin was a biplane single-seat fighter aircraft developed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft. It was also the first all-metal fighter to be operated by the Royal Air Force (RA ...

Armstrong Whitworth Starling The Armstrong Whitworth A.W.14 Starling was a prototype British single-seat biplane fighter developed for the Royal Air Force in the late 1920s which unsuccessfully competed against the Bristol Bulldog. Development The A.W.14 Starling was de ...

* Armstrong Whitworth Wolf * Avro 642 * Blackburn Airedale *

Blackburn C.A.15C The Blackburn C.A.15C Monoplane and Biplane were a pair of United Kingdom, British aircraft intended to be as similar as possible apart from their wing arrangement. Tests in 1933 did not favour either design conclusively. Development Though be ...

* Blackburn Turcock * Boulton Paul P.71 *

De Havilland Dormouse The de Havilland DH.42 Dormouse and its two variants the de Havilland DH.42A Dingo I and II were two-seat single-engined biplanes designed for fighter-reconnaissance and army cooperation roles. They did not achieve production. Development Apa ...

De Havilland DH.50 The de Havilland DH.50 was a 1920s British large single-engined biplane transport built by de Havilland at Stag Lane Aerodrome, Edgware, and licence-built in Australia, Belgium, and Czechoslovakia. History In the early 1920s, Geoffrey de Havi ...

De Havilland Giant Moth The de Havilland DH.61 Giant Moth was a 1920s British large single-engined biplane transport built by de Havilland at Stag Lane Aerodrome, Edgware. Intended primarily for use in Australia, a number were also shipped to Canada. Design Followi ...

* De Havilland Hyena *

Fairey Ferret The Fairey Ferret was a 1930s British general-purpose biplane designed and built by the Fairey Aviation Company. It performed well in trials but was not ordered into production. Development The Ferret was designed to meet a Fleet Air Arm requi ...

Fairey Flycatcher The Fairey Flycatcher was a British single-seat biplane carrier-borne fighter aircraft made by Fairey Aviation Company which served from 1923 to 1934. It was produced with a conventional undercarriage for carrier use, although this could be exc ...

Fokker C.V The Fokker C.V was a Dutch light reconnaissance and bomber biplane aircraft manufactured by Fokker. It was designed by Anthony Fokker and the series manufacture began in 1924 at Fokker in Amsterdam. Development The C.V was constructed in the earl ...

* Fokker D.XVI * Gloster Gnatsnapper *

Gloster Grebe The Gloster Grebe was developed by the Gloster Aircraft Company from the Gloster Grouse (an experimental aircraft later developed as a trainer), and was the Royal Air Force's first post- First World War fighter aircraft, entering service in 1 ...

* Handley Page Hampstead * Hawker Danecock *

Hawker Hawfinch The Hawker Hawfinch was a British single-engined biplane fighter of the 1920s. It was unsuccessful, with the Bristol Bulldog being selected instead. Development The Hawker Hawfinch fighter aircraft was designed in 1925 as a replacement for both ...

Hawker Hoopoe The Hawker Hoopoe was a British prototype naval fighter aircraft designed and built in 1927 by Hawker Aircraft. Service trials found the aircraft to be unsatisfactory, and it was superseded by the same company's Nimrod design. Design and deve ...

Hawker Woodcock The Hawker Woodcock was a British single-seat fighter built by the Hawker Engineering Company as the first fighter to be produced by Hawker Engineering (the successor to Sopwith Aviation). It was used by the RAF as a night fighter in the 1920 ...

* Larkin Lascowl * Martinsyde ADC 1 *

Nieuport Nighthawk The Nieuport Nighthawk was a British fighter aircraft developed by the Nieuport & General Aircraft company for the Royal Air Force towards the end of the First World War. Although ordered into production before the aircraft first flew, it did ...

Parnall Plover The Parnall Plover was a British single-seat naval fighter aircraft of the 1920s. Designed and built by George Parnall & Co. for use on Royal Navy aircraft carriers, it was ordered into small-scale production but after extensive evaluation, ...

* RAAF Experimental Section Warrigal II *

Supermarine Air Yacht The Supermarine Air Yacht was a British luxury passenger-carrying flying boat. It was designed by Supermarine's chief designer R. J. Mitchell and built in Woolston, Southampton in 1929. It was commissioned by the brewing magnate Ernest Guinne ...

* Supermarine Nanok * Supermarine Southampton *

Vickers Vellore The Vickers Vellore was a large biplane designed as a freight and mail carrier, in single-engined and twin-engined versions, which saw limited use as freighters and long-range experimental aircraft. A final variant with a broader fuselage, the ...

Vickers Vespa The Vickers Vespa was a British army cooperation biplane designed and built by Vickers Limited in the 1920s. While not adopted by Britain's Royal Air Force, small numbers were bought by the Irish Free State and Bolivia, the latter of which used ...

* Vickers Viastra * Vickers Vimy Trainer *

Westland Wapiti The Westland Wapiti was a British two-seat general-purpose military single-engined biplane of the 1920s. It was designed and built by Westland Aircraft Works to replace the Airco DH.9A in Royal Air Force service. First flying in 1927, the Wa ...

Westland Weasel The Westland Weasel was a prototype British two-seat fighter/reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War. Designed to replace the Bristol Fighter, the Weasel was a single engined tractor biplane. Four prototypes were built, but no productio ...

Engines on display

A preserved Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar is on public display at the

Science Museum (London) The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually in 2019. Like other publicly funded ...

Specifications (Jaguar I)

References

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

* Lumsden, Alec. ''British Piston Engines and their Aircraft''. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

External links

Virtual aviation museum
- a 1926 ''

Flight Flight or flying is the process by which an object moves through a space without contacting any planetary surface, either within an atmosphere (i.e. air flight or aviation) or through the vacuum of outer space (i.e. spaceflight). This can be a ...

'' article on the Jaguar's endurance during an London-Cape Town-London flight by

Alan Cobham Sir Alan John Cobham, KBE, AFC (6 May 1894 – 21 October 1973) was an English aviation pioneer. Early life and family As a child he attended Wilson's School, then in Camberwell, London. The school relocated to the former site of Croydo ...

{{Royal Aircraft Factory aeroengines Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines Jaguar 1920s aircraft piston engines